Main: Language
Diversity Initiative
A. INFORMATION
FOR FIPSE
As co-principal investigators of the Hunter College
Language Diversity Initiative (LDI) Drs. Janet Poppendieck and
Suzanne Michael were fortunate to come to this project having
had a previous Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education
(FIPSE) project grant under the Community Service Competition
(1994-1996). We therefore knew several members of the FIPSE staff
and were familiar with the FIPSE culture – that staff were
encouraged to assist in conceptualizing and developing project
activities and ready to solve problems as needed. In addition,
we had benefiting from participating in the annual program directors’
meetings.
From the outset, with the new proposal, we were
supported in our efforts to translate lessons learned from our
prior project. After the project was funded, talking to and/or
meeting with our program officer, Dr. Joan Straumanis, was consistently
helpful. Dr. Straumanis was perceptive, had helpful suggestions
and was ready to advocate for us when our college was preoccupied
with internal administrative changes. Dr. Dora Marcus, in person
and by telephone, was also responsive and helpful in answering
our questions about the timing and design of our evaluation.
We found the program directors' meetings particularly
useful for addressing evaluation issues. We also enjoyed meeting
colleagues from around the nation. However, we found that the
focus of our project was significantly different from those of
our colleagues. We thus never found a network of peers with whom
we could engage in on-going dialogue. In addition, given the challenges
we faced at Hunter College, which no doubt are also faced at other
urban colleges, we feel it would have been extremely helpful if
there had been more focus on and dialogue about the process of
campus-wide changes and how best to meet the structural and cultural
challenges that face large urban commuter campuses.
Dr. Straumanis' site visit in April 2001 (final
project year) was extremely important to us. Her observations,
insights and suggestions were helpful. We believe, however, that
these insights and suggestions would have been more useful to
the project if they had been expressed earlier in the funding
cycle. To make site visits more effective, we think that FIPSE
needs to define better the purpose of the visits. We assumed that
a site visit was evaluative and thus should occur well into the
project, when the project had “something to show.”
What we learned, too late, was that a site visit is an opportunity
for the program officer to:
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- provide support and FIPSE status,
- problem solve and engage in strategic planning, and
- help leverage resources.
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With increased clarity of the potential and functions of site
visits, we suggest site visits be scheduled within the first half
of project funding.
Our initial project objective was ambitious –
to change campus climate. Under even the best circumstances, it
is difficult to change individual behavior and/or attitudes. On
an institutional level, the difficulty increases. Culture change
is a slow evolutionary process that is made even more complex
by our large (20,000 students) diverse urban commuter campus where
over 46% of class instruction is provided by adjuncts (Hunter
College Office of Institutional Research, 2002) and full-time
faculty have responsibility to teach seven courses per year with
average class enrollments of 40 students.
Institutional change requires:
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- an articulated or "felt" problem or need with
a natural constituency and/or champions,
- leadership that has institutional status, legitimacy, and
permanence,
- consistency of senior level advocates,
- a variety of resources, and
- time.
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There also need to be sufficient incentives for both the faculty and
the institution to invest in examining, and potentially changing, practices.
Pre-intervention analysis of possible tensions, conflicts and/or resistance
is very important. The Language Diversity Initiative started simultaneously
as major socio-political and policy shifts occurred within Hunter College
and as resources diminished. For example, early into the project the
Board of Trustees of the City University of New York (CUNY) decided
to eliminate re-mediation at four-year CUNY colleges, raise admission
standards and increase tuition. Over the life of the project, Hunter
has also had three different Presidents and two different Provosts.
Furthermore, LDI's baseline study (1999) revealed that although many
Hunter faculty believe second language knowledge is an asset, many view
students’ languages other than English in terms of a zero-sum
equation, i.e. an inverse relationship between English proficiency and
the use or maintenance of heritage languages. These institutional, structural
and cultural factors have all affected the degree to which the Language
Diversity Initiative has been successful in changing campus climate
and faculty practices.
As a result of our experiences, we suggest that the
Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education consider two inter-related
but independent phases for funding campus-wide projects - a planning
phase in which resources and climate can be assessed, and an implementation
phase that is built upon the outcomes and understanding from the first
phase. In other words, we encourage FIPSE to consider funding a few
campus-wide feasibility studies, which may or may not develop into fully
funded change projects. |