The basic objective is to help you develop and sharpen analytical skills by giving you a deeper understanding of certain very important sorts of symbol systems, and the philosophical implications of building them. The objective will be achieved by showing you how the notion of formal proof plays a role in standard modern logic. The course provides all materials necessary for an advanced course in logic; it will also be quite useful for those taking computer science courses, foundations of mathematics courses, and certain courses in linguistic theory. There will be considerable philosophical discussion of foundational concepts.